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通讯作者:

吴瑜,E-mail: wyctj3250@163.com

中图分类号:R655.4

文献标识码:A

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-6948.2024.04.006

参考文献 1
田文,郗洪庆,卫勃,等.机器人辅助食管裂孔疝修补术及胃底折叠术2例报告及文献复习[J].中国实用外科杂志,2015,35(5):519-521.
参考文献 2
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参考文献 3
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参考文献 5
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参考文献 6
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参考文献 7
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参考文献 8
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参考文献 9
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参考文献 10
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参考文献 11
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参考文献 12
Benedix F,Adolf D,Peglow S,et al.Short-term outcome after robot-assisted hiatal hernia and anti-reflux surgery-is there a benefit for the patient?[J].Langenbecks Arch Surg,2021,406(5):1387-1395.
参考文献 13
Klock JA,Walters RW,Nandipati KC.Robotic hiatal hernia repair associated with higher morbidity and readmission rates compared to laparoscopic repair:10-year analysis from the national readmissions database(NRD)[J].J Gastrointest Surg,2023,27(3):489-497.
参考文献 14
Pelzner K,Mueller DT,Fuchs C,et al.Robot-assisted repair of hiatal hernia:advantages and disadvantages in comparison to conventional laparoscopic repair:a literature review[J].Int J Abdom Wall Hernia Surg,2023,6(2):77-80.
参考文献 15
Wilhelm A,Nocera F,Schneider R,et al.Robot-assisted vs.laparoscopic repair of complete upside-down stomach hiatal hernia(the RATHER-study):a prospective comparative single center study[J].Surg Endosc,2022,36(1):480-488.
参考文献 16
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参考文献 17
亚力坤·吐尔洪,伊尔夏提江·艾尼瓦尔,买买提·依斯热依力,等.机器人在食管裂孔疝修补术中的应用研究进展与争议[J].腹腔镜外科杂志,2023,28(1):72-74,80.
参考文献 18
田文,郗洪庆.达芬奇机器人疝手术与发展趋势[J].中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版),2017,11(1):5-7.
参考文献 19
Mertens AC,Tolboom RC,Zavrtanik H,et al.Morbidity and mortality in complex robot-assisted hiatal hernia surgery:7-year experience in a high-volume center[J].Surg Endosc,2019,33(7):2152-2161.
参考文献 20
Musbahi A,Mahawar K.Hiatal hernia[J].Br J Surg,2023,110(4):401-402.
参考文献 21
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参考文献 22
Soliman BG,Nguyen DT,Chan EY,et al.Robot-assisted hiatal hernia repair demonstrates favorable short-term outcomes compared to laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair[J].Surg Endosc,2020,34(6):2495-2502.
参考文献 23
Ma LY,Luo H,Kou SE,et al.Robotic versus laparoscopic surgery for hiatal hernia repair:a systematic literature review and meta-analysis[J].J Robot Surg,2023,17(5):1879-1890.
参考文献 24
Aly A,Munt J,Jamieson GG,et al.Laparoscopic repair of large hiatal hernias[J].Br J Surg,2005,92(5):648-653.
目录contents

    摘要

    目的:探讨机器人辅助下食管裂孔疝修补术与传统腹腔镜下食管裂孔疝修补术治疗Ⅳ型食管裂孔疝的安全性与治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月—2023年11月在天津市南开医院胃肠外科三行食管裂孔疝修补术的20例Ⅳ型裂孔疝患者的临床资料。根据手术方式不同,分为传统腹腔镜组和机器人组,比较两组围手术期情况、治疗效果与术后并发症情况。结果:机器人组8例,其中男性3例,女性5例;腹腔镜组12例,其中男性4例,女性8例;两组在性别、年龄、体质量指数方面无明显差异;机器人组患者术前胃食管反流问卷量表(GERD‑Q)量表评分为(10.00±3.38)分,术后为(1.88±0.84)分,前后差值为(8.13±3.48)分,腹腔镜组患者术前GERD-Q评分为(9.50±3.50)分,术后为2(1, 3)分,差值为(7.42±3.55)分,两组差值对比无统计学差异;围术期方面,所有手术均顺利完成,未有中转开腹或改变手术方式。两组患者在手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后进食时间、术后排气时间方面,无统计学差异。术后并发症方面,腹腔镜组有1例患者在术后1个月后因出现吞咽困难,疝复发再次入院行手术治疗,其余患者在术后1年随访中,均未出现复发,两组术后并发症无统计学差异。结论:机器人辅助手术治疗Ⅳ型食管裂孔疝安全性与治疗效果满意,具备良好的未来应用前景。

    Abstract

    Objective To investigate the safety and therapeutic efficacy of robot-assisted esophageal hiatal hernia repair versus conventional laparoscopic esophageal hiatal hernia repair for type Ⅳ esophageal hiatal hernia. Methods The clinical data of 20 patients who underwent esophageal hiatal hernia repair from January 2020 to November 2023 at the Gastrointestinal Surgery Department 3 of Tianjin Nankai Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into laparoscopic group(n=12) and robotic group (n=8) according to the surgical procedures. perioperative conditions, treatment outcomes and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results In the robotic group, there were 8 patients, include 3 males and 5 females; in the laparoscopic group, there were 12 patients: 4 males and 8 females; there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender, age, and BMI. The preoperative gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire (GERD-Q) score in the robotic group is 10.00±3.38 and the postoperative score is 1.88±0.84, with a pre/post difference of 8.13±3.48. and for the laparoscopic group, the preoperative GERD-Q score was 9.50±3.50 and the postoperative score was 2 (1,3), with a pre/post difference of 7.42±3.55, which showed no statistically significant difference in the comparisons. In terms of perioperative period, all surgical procedures were successfully completed, without conversion to laparotomy or change in operation mode. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of operation time, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative hospitalization time, postoperative fluid feeding time, and postoperative ventilating time. And for postoperative complications, only one patient in the laparoscopic group was readmitted to the hospital for surgery one month after the operation due to dysphagia and hernia recurrence, while the rest of the patients did not experience recurrence during the one-year postoperative follow-up, and there was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of postoperative complications. Conclusion Robot-assisted surgery for the treatment of type IV esophageal hiatal hernia is satisfactory in terms of safety and therapeutic efficacy, and has good prospects for future application.

  • 近年来,随着医疗技术的不断进步及医生水平的不断提升,腹腔镜治疗食管裂孔疝效果确切,已作为手术治疗食管裂孔疝的首选。21世纪以来,机器人手术技术已逐步应用于各种外科手术,自从2015年中国人民解放军总医院田文等[1]成功实施我国首例机器人辅助食管裂孔疝手术后,全国各地相继开展了此类手术。机器人手术以其裸眼三维系统、高度的活动性和过滤震颤的能力,提高了手术精度,在食道裂孔的解剖分离和缝合方面,比传统腹腔镜显现出更大的优势[2]。Ⅳ型食管裂孔疝的特点是胃之外的其他器官(如结肠、脾脏、胰腺或小肠)进入疝囊内[3],这种类型的疝常表现为消化道梗阻症状、胸痛和呼吸困难,由于疝囊内组织器官较多、粘连严重,导致解剖困难,具有较大的手术难度。目前,关于机器人辅助手术治疗Ⅳ型食管裂孔疝的相关报道较少,本文回顾性分析天津市南开医院近4年来行微创手术治疗Ⅳ型食管裂孔疝的20例患者的临床资料,分析机器人对比传统腹腔镜治疗食管裂孔疝手术的治疗效果。

  • 1 资料和方法

  • 1.1 一般资料

  • 回顾收集2020年1月—2023年11月在我院胃肠外科行微创手术治疗的Ⅳ型食管裂孔疝患者20例。其中男性7例,女性13例,年龄(66±10)岁。在食管裂孔疝诊断明确,且排除手术禁忌后,由患者自愿选择手术方式。最终机器人组8例,腹腔镜组12例,两组一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,表1)。15例患者主诉因反酸烧心就诊,10例患者合并胸痛、胸闷、吞咽困难或进食哽咽。所有患者术前均已签署手术知情同意书。

  • 表1 机器人组与腹腔镜组患者一般资料比较

  • 1.2 手术方法

  • 1.2.1 适应证

  • 1)术前有明显的食管裂孔疝相关症状,包括烧心、反酸等典型胃食管反流症状,以及贫血、非心源性胸痛、吞咽或呼吸困难等非典型症状;2)经术前检查(CT、胃镜、上消化道造影、高分辨率食管测压及24 h食管pH值检测)或术中诊断为Ⅳ型食管裂孔疝;3)术前无绝对禁忌证。

  • 1.2.2 手术方式

  • 腹腔镜组采用经典腹腔镜下五孔法操作[4]。机器人组采用达芬奇机器人辅助下进行操作[5],根据术前影像,食道测酸结果及术中所见,决定是否行胃底折叠术,所有接受胃底折叠术的患者均行Dor(前180°)折叠,根据术中测量食管裂孔疝大小,决定是否行补片治疗,所有补片均为可吸收生物补片。

  • 1.2.3 研究指标获取

  • 记录手术时间(切皮至缝合皮肤时间)、术中出血量、术后进食、排气时间、术后并发症依据Clavien-Dindo进行分级、术后住院天数、住院总花费;术前术后均使用GERD-Q量表进行评分,以评价反流治疗效果,术后通过电话、门诊形式进行随访。

  • 1.3 统计学方法

  • 采用SPSS 29.0统计学软件对数据进行分析。因数据样本量较少,所有定量资料采用Shapiro-wilk test进行正态分布检验,并以x-±s表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验,手术前后自身比较采用配对t检验;非正态分布的定量资料以M(P25,P75)表示,组间比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验。计数资料以例表示,两组比较用卡方检验或Fisher确切概率法,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

  • 2 结果

  • 2.1 两组治疗效果比较

  • 两组术前GERD-Q评分无统计学差异(P>0.05),两组术后GERD-Q评分均低于术前,差异有统计学意义。但两组术后GERD-Q评分及术前术后评分差值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,表2)。

  • 表2 机器人组与腹腔镜组的GERD-Q量表评分比较

  • 注:a与本组术前比较,P<0.05

  • 2.2 两组围手术期资料比较

  • 腹腔镜组患者食管裂孔疝缺损面积及住院总费用大于机器人组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组食管裂孔缺损最大长径、手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后流食时间、术后排气时间无统计学差异(表3)。

  • 2.3 两组术后并发症发生情况比较

  • 腹腔镜组中有1例患者术后1个月食管裂孔疝复发,患者表现为吞咽困难,再次行腹腔镜手术治疗。机器人组有2例患者术后出现肺炎,行内科保守治疗后好转,其余患者clavien-dindo分级均为I级。术后随访1年,两组均未出现明显复发。两组患者术后并发症Clavien-Dindo分级无统计学差异(表3)。

  • 表3 两组患者围手术期资料比较

  • 注:a与腹腔镜组比较,P<0.05

  • 3 讨论

  • 自从2004年Hanly等[6]首次报道了机器人辅助食管裂孔疝修补术以来,越来越多的国内外医院已经应用机器人微创治疗食管裂孔疝。Ⅳ型食管裂孔疝相对于其他类型的疝,主要发生于中老年人。Menon等[7]的研究表明,年龄超过50岁、BMI超过25 kg/m2且为男性,是食管裂孔疝的主要危险因素,发病率与年龄呈明显正相关。这是因为随着年龄的增长,老年人的抗反流屏障机制发生改变[8];此外,老年人常常伴有肥胖,慢性支气管炎、便秘、前列腺增生等增加腹压的慢性疾病,容易发生Ⅳ型食管裂孔疝。在本研究中,20例患者平均年龄为66岁,两组患者BMI均大于25 kg/m2,与资料相符。

  • 目前,虽然达芬奇机器人辅助治疗食管裂孔疝的效果仍存在争议:Brenkman等[9]认为,机器人治疗食管裂孔疝早期复发率较低,在对40例患者11个月的随访中,食管裂孔疝的复发率仅为2.5%。O’Connor等[10]的研究认为,机器人治疗食管裂孔疝中转开腹率低,可以对疝囊实现高质量修补,缩短了住院时间,且在再次手术的食管裂孔疝患者中更具有优势。Tolboom等[11]也认为,机器人辅助治疗复发性食管裂孔疝可以缩短住院时间,减少转诊次数。但也有学者认为,机器人辅助治疗并无明显优势,Benedix等[12]指出,机器人组在治疗食管裂孔疝手术时间更长。Klock等[13]通过分析近10年的美国国家再入院数据库,发现接受机器人治疗的食管裂孔疝患者在术后30 d与90 d的再次入院率高,且治疗成本更高。还有学者认为,机器人治疗食管裂孔疝手术麻醉时间长[14],与腹腔镜相比患者并无获益,且对于巨大食管裂旁疝的治疗效果也与腹腔镜相当[15]

  • 在巨大的Ⅳ型食管裂孔疝案例中,疝内容物与疝囊、膈肌之间的粘连显著增加了手术的难度,但是机器人手术系统的应用降低了手术难度。Morelli等[16]对6例巨大食管裂孔疝患者(平均疝环直径9 cm)进行回顾发现,机器人辅助治疗创伤更小,效果更好。本研究回顾了过去4年在我科行手术治疗的Ⅳ型食管裂孔疝患者,以评价机器人治疗Ⅳ型食管裂孔疝的安全性与效果,研究发现,尽管机器人组平均手术时间略长于腹腔镜组,这可能与机器人装机准备、手术人员协助配合程度有关,但二者无明显统计学差异。在术中出血及术后住院时间方面,虽然两组无明显差异,但达芬奇机器人辅助系统相比传统腹腔镜,具有三维视觉系统[17-18],在进行疝囊的解剖、食管周围间隙精细解剖、游离方面有明显优势;而且巨大食管裂孔疝的食管裂孔重建主要为缝合操作,机器人操作臂的360°旋转持针缝合,对比腹腔镜有巨大优势,显著缩短了缝合时间、降低了缝合难度,提高了缝合效果。还有研究表明,对于复发的食管在术后裂孔疝方面,由于既往手术可能会导致术区解剖结构改变,机器人辅助治疗能够降低手术中转率和术中损伤,从而更有利于患者[10-11]

  • 食管裂孔疝术后常见的并发症包括吞咽困难、肺部并发症[19]以及裂孔疝复发。对于Ⅳ型食管裂孔疝患者来说,应该尤其关注术后疝的复发。本研究中,腹腔镜组1例患者在术后1个月出现吞咽困难,疝复发再次入院行腹腔镜手术治疗,二次手术,术中可见原食管裂孔疝被胃粘连固定,于8点处远端胃由大弯侧向小弯侧向后折叠扭转并疝入食管裂孔,同时发生嵌顿,再次手术后效果良好,两组患者术后并发症总体无统计学差异。根据相关文献显示,食管裂孔疝术后的复发率接近30%[20-21],但不同研究的结果差异较大。Soliman等[22]的比较研究显示,机器人手术组的术后30天并发症发生率低于腔镜组(6.3% vs 19.2%)。Ma[23]等开展的荟萃分析纳入10000例患者,同样表明机器人组的术后并发症低于腹腔镜组(3.49% vs 4.25%)。患者年龄低于70岁,肥胖、食管裂孔张力及大小、术后恶心、呕吐等是疝复发的危险因素[2124]。本研究通过回顾复发患者资料发现,1例61岁女性患者入院时BMI为27.18 kg/m2,食管裂孔疝面积达到31.81 cm2,既往合并哮喘、支气管炎,为裂孔疝复发的高危人群。但其他患者从术后1年的随访结果来看,治疗效果较好,死亡率为0,均未出现明显复发。但对于长期的治疗效果仍需进一步随访支持。

  • 本文为回顾性研究,由于大多数患者术后未能进行完整的胃镜等检查,大多通过电话随访进行,反流治疗效果评价主要基于GERD-Q评分量表,具有较强的主观性,同时,对于是否复发的评价缺少详细的临床影像学资料。且本研究样本量较少,部分数据缺失,难免产生偏倚。因此,未来研究及随访需要采用更客观的评价量表、更详实的数据来进行评价。

  • 综上,机器人辅助手术治疗Ⅳ型食管裂孔疝的安全性与治疗效果满意,具备良好的未来应用前景。

  • 参考文献

    • [1] 田文,郗洪庆,卫勃,等.机器人辅助食管裂孔疝修补术及胃底折叠术2例报告及文献复习[J].中国实用外科杂志,2015,35(5):519-521.

    • [2] 麦麦提艾力·麦麦提明,多力坤·牙生,伊尔夏提江·艾尼瓦尔,等.机器人或腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术短期临床疗效回顾性队列研究[J].中华外科杂志,2023,61(6):498-502.

    • [3] Katz PO,Gerson LB,Vela MF.Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease[J].Am J Gastroenterol,2013,108(3):308-328;quiz329.

    • [4] 中国医师协会外科医师分会胃食管反流病专业委员会.胃食管反流病外科诊疗共识(2019版)[J].中华胃食管反流病电子杂志,2019,5(1):3-9.

    • [5] Voskens FJ,Ruurda JP,Broeders IAMJ.Robotic partial fundoplication and hiatal hernia repair[M]//Atlas of Robotic Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery.Cham:Springer International Publishing,2021:61-70.

    • [6] Hanly EJ,Talamini MA.Robotic abdominal surgery[J].Am J Surg,2004,188(4A Suppl):19S-26S.

    • [7] Menon S,Trudgill N.Risk factors in the aetiology of hiatus hernia:a meta-analysis[J].Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol,2011,23(2):133-138.

    • [8] 谢胜,陈广文,李蕾,等.老年人胃食管反流病临床特点及诊疗[J].中国老年学杂志,2017,37(18):4667-4670.

    • [9] Brenkman HJ,Parry K,van Hillegersberg R,et al.Robot-assisted laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair:promising anatomical and functional results[J].J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A,2016,26(6):465-469.

    • [10] O’Connor SC,Mallard M,Desai SS,et al.Robotic versus laparoscopic approach to hiatal hernia repair:results after 7 years of robotic experience[J].Am Surg,2020,86(9):1083-1087.

    • [11] Tolboom RC,Draaisma WA,Broeders IA.Evaluation of conventional laparoscopic versus robot-assisted laparoscopic redo hiatal hernia and antireflux surgery:a cohort study[J].J Robot Surg,2016,10(1):33-39.

    • [12] Benedix F,Adolf D,Peglow S,et al.Short-term outcome after robot-assisted hiatal hernia and anti-reflux surgery-is there a benefit for the patient?[J].Langenbecks Arch Surg,2021,406(5):1387-1395.

    • [13] Klock JA,Walters RW,Nandipati KC.Robotic hiatal hernia repair associated with higher morbidity and readmission rates compared to laparoscopic repair:10-year analysis from the national readmissions database(NRD)[J].J Gastrointest Surg,2023,27(3):489-497.

    • [14] Pelzner K,Mueller DT,Fuchs C,et al.Robot-assisted repair of hiatal hernia:advantages and disadvantages in comparison to conventional laparoscopic repair:a literature review[J].Int J Abdom Wall Hernia Surg,2023,6(2):77-80.

    • [15] Wilhelm A,Nocera F,Schneider R,et al.Robot-assisted vs.laparoscopic repair of complete upside-down stomach hiatal hernia(the RATHER-study):a prospective comparative single center study[J].Surg Endosc,2022,36(1):480-488.

    • [16] Morelli L,Guadagni S,Mariniello MD,et al.Robotic giant hiatal hernia repair:3 year prospective evaluation and review of the literature[J].Int J Med Robot,2015,11(1):1-7.

    • [17] 亚力坤·吐尔洪,伊尔夏提江·艾尼瓦尔,买买提·依斯热依力,等.机器人在食管裂孔疝修补术中的应用研究进展与争议[J].腹腔镜外科杂志,2023,28(1):72-74,80.

    • [18] 田文,郗洪庆.达芬奇机器人疝手术与发展趋势[J].中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版),2017,11(1):5-7.

    • [19] Mertens AC,Tolboom RC,Zavrtanik H,et al.Morbidity and mortality in complex robot-assisted hiatal hernia surgery:7-year experience in a high-volume center[J].Surg Endosc,2019,33(7):2152-2161.

    • [20] Musbahi A,Mahawar K.Hiatal hernia[J].Br J Surg,2023,110(4):401-402.

    • [21] Nguyen CL,Tovmassian D,Zhou M,et al.Recurrence in paraesophageal hernia:patient factors and composite surgical repair in 862 cases[J].J Gastrointest Surg,2023,27(12):2733-2742.

    • [22] Soliman BG,Nguyen DT,Chan EY,et al.Robot-assisted hiatal hernia repair demonstrates favorable short-term outcomes compared to laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair[J].Surg Endosc,2020,34(6):2495-2502.

    • [23] Ma LY,Luo H,Kou SE,et al.Robotic versus laparoscopic surgery for hiatal hernia repair:a systematic literature review and meta-analysis[J].J Robot Surg,2023,17(5):1879-1890.

    • [24] Aly A,Munt J,Jamieson GG,et al.Laparoscopic repair of large hiatal hernias[J].Br J Surg,2005,92(5):648-653.

表1 机器人组与腹腔镜组患者一般资料比较

表2 机器人组与腹腔镜组的GERD-Q量表评分比较

表3 两组患者围手术期资料比较

图表 1/1

  • 参考文献

    • [1] 田文,郗洪庆,卫勃,等.机器人辅助食管裂孔疝修补术及胃底折叠术2例报告及文献复习[J].中国实用外科杂志,2015,35(5):519-521.

    • [2] 麦麦提艾力·麦麦提明,多力坤·牙生,伊尔夏提江·艾尼瓦尔,等.机器人或腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术短期临床疗效回顾性队列研究[J].中华外科杂志,2023,61(6):498-502.

    • [3] Katz PO,Gerson LB,Vela MF.Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease[J].Am J Gastroenterol,2013,108(3):308-328;quiz329.

    • [4] 中国医师协会外科医师分会胃食管反流病专业委员会.胃食管反流病外科诊疗共识(2019版)[J].中华胃食管反流病电子杂志,2019,5(1):3-9.

    • [5] Voskens FJ,Ruurda JP,Broeders IAMJ.Robotic partial fundoplication and hiatal hernia repair[M]//Atlas of Robotic Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery.Cham:Springer International Publishing,2021:61-70.

    • [6] Hanly EJ,Talamini MA.Robotic abdominal surgery[J].Am J Surg,2004,188(4A Suppl):19S-26S.

    • [7] Menon S,Trudgill N.Risk factors in the aetiology of hiatus hernia:a meta-analysis[J].Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol,2011,23(2):133-138.

    • [8] 谢胜,陈广文,李蕾,等.老年人胃食管反流病临床特点及诊疗[J].中国老年学杂志,2017,37(18):4667-4670.

    • [9] Brenkman HJ,Parry K,van Hillegersberg R,et al.Robot-assisted laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair:promising anatomical and functional results[J].J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A,2016,26(6):465-469.

    • [10] O’Connor SC,Mallard M,Desai SS,et al.Robotic versus laparoscopic approach to hiatal hernia repair:results after 7 years of robotic experience[J].Am Surg,2020,86(9):1083-1087.

    • [11] Tolboom RC,Draaisma WA,Broeders IA.Evaluation of conventional laparoscopic versus robot-assisted laparoscopic redo hiatal hernia and antireflux surgery:a cohort study[J].J Robot Surg,2016,10(1):33-39.

    • [12] Benedix F,Adolf D,Peglow S,et al.Short-term outcome after robot-assisted hiatal hernia and anti-reflux surgery-is there a benefit for the patient?[J].Langenbecks Arch Surg,2021,406(5):1387-1395.

    • [13] Klock JA,Walters RW,Nandipati KC.Robotic hiatal hernia repair associated with higher morbidity and readmission rates compared to laparoscopic repair:10-year analysis from the national readmissions database(NRD)[J].J Gastrointest Surg,2023,27(3):489-497.

    • [14] Pelzner K,Mueller DT,Fuchs C,et al.Robot-assisted repair of hiatal hernia:advantages and disadvantages in comparison to conventional laparoscopic repair:a literature review[J].Int J Abdom Wall Hernia Surg,2023,6(2):77-80.

    • [15] Wilhelm A,Nocera F,Schneider R,et al.Robot-assisted vs.laparoscopic repair of complete upside-down stomach hiatal hernia(the RATHER-study):a prospective comparative single center study[J].Surg Endosc,2022,36(1):480-488.

    • [16] Morelli L,Guadagni S,Mariniello MD,et al.Robotic giant hiatal hernia repair:3 year prospective evaluation and review of the literature[J].Int J Med Robot,2015,11(1):1-7.

    • [17] 亚力坤·吐尔洪,伊尔夏提江·艾尼瓦尔,买买提·依斯热依力,等.机器人在食管裂孔疝修补术中的应用研究进展与争议[J].腹腔镜外科杂志,2023,28(1):72-74,80.

    • [18] 田文,郗洪庆.达芬奇机器人疝手术与发展趋势[J].中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版),2017,11(1):5-7.

    • [19] Mertens AC,Tolboom RC,Zavrtanik H,et al.Morbidity and mortality in complex robot-assisted hiatal hernia surgery:7-year experience in a high-volume center[J].Surg Endosc,2019,33(7):2152-2161.

    • [20] Musbahi A,Mahawar K.Hiatal hernia[J].Br J Surg,2023,110(4):401-402.

    • [21] Nguyen CL,Tovmassian D,Zhou M,et al.Recurrence in paraesophageal hernia:patient factors and composite surgical repair in 862 cases[J].J Gastrointest Surg,2023,27(12):2733-2742.

    • [22] Soliman BG,Nguyen DT,Chan EY,et al.Robot-assisted hiatal hernia repair demonstrates favorable short-term outcomes compared to laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair[J].Surg Endosc,2020,34(6):2495-2502.

    • [23] Ma LY,Luo H,Kou SE,et al.Robotic versus laparoscopic surgery for hiatal hernia repair:a systematic literature review and meta-analysis[J].J Robot Surg,2023,17(5):1879-1890.

    • [24] Aly A,Munt J,Jamieson GG,et al.Laparoscopic repair of large hiatal hernias[J].Br J Surg,2005,92(5):648-653.

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