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通讯作者:

韩志新,E-mail:191907403@qq.com

中图分类号:R63

文献标识码:A

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-6948.2024.03.020

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参考文献 14
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参考文献 15
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参考文献 16
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参考文献 18
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参考文献 19
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参考文献 20
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参考文献 23
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参考文献 24
杨静静,王震,荣新洲.两种不同冲洗液冲洗对封闭负压引流技术治疗慢性创面的临床对比[J].广州医药,2018,49(1):83-85.
目录contents

    摘要

    目的:观察复方黄柏液涂剂联合封闭负压引流治疗压疮创面的效果及对相关炎症因子的影响。方法:选取 2017 年 12 月—2022 年 12 月我院收治的压疮创面患者 90 例,均使用封闭负压引流技术治疗创面,根据灌洗液不同,分为生理盐水组 (A 组)、庆大霉素组(B 组)、复方黄柏液涂剂组(C 组),每组 30 例。对比不同灌洗液冲洗后三组患者治疗前、治疗后 7 d、14 d、 21 d 各项指标的变化,包括创面愈合情况、血清淀粉样蛋白 A(SAA)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及 C 反应蛋白(CRP)水平,并对创面分泌物行细菌培养和药敏试验。结果:创面愈合情况评分:治疗后 7 d、14 d、21 d 各组创面愈合情况评分均较治疗前降低( P<0.05),治疗后 14 d,B 组、C 组评分下降较 A 组更明显( P <0.05);而治疗后 21 d,C 组评分下降较 A 组和 B 组明显( P <0.05)。相关炎症因子:治疗后 7 d,A、B、C 三组的血清 SAA、IL-6、CRP 水平均较治疗前下降( P <0.05),B、C 组较 A 组水平更低( P <0.05);治疗后 14 d,B、C 组的 SAA、IL-6、CRP 水平均较治疗后 7 d 进一步下降( P <0.05),而 A 组的 SAA、IL-6、CRP 水平与治疗后 7 d 比较差异无统计学意义( P >0.05);治疗后 21 d,C 组的 SAA、IL-6、CRP 水平均较治疗后 14 d 进一步下降( P <0.05),而 A、B 组的 SAA、IL-6、CRP 水平与治疗后 7 d 相比较差异无统计学意义( P >0.05)。细菌学变化:治疗后 7 d,A、B、C 三组患者细菌培养阳性比例均较治疗前有所下降( P <0.05),B、C 组较 A 组细菌阳性率更低( P <0.05);治疗后 14 d,三组患者细菌培养阳性比例较治疗后 7 d 后均有下降( P <0.05);治疗后 21 d,C 组阳性比例较治疗后 14 d 下降更明显( P <0.05),细菌培养结果显示以革兰阴性菌为主,治疗后 14 d、21 d 时,B 组细菌对庆大霉素的耐药率明显高于 A 组和 C 组。结论:复方黄柏液涂剂滴灌联合封闭负压引流能改善压疮创面局部症状,有利于患者疾病转归,效果优于庆大霉素和生理盐水负压滴灌治疗。

    Abstract

    Objective To explore the effect of compound Huangbai liquid coating combined with closed negative pressure drainage on pressure ulcer wounds and its impact on related inflammatory factors. Methods 90 patients with pressure ulcers were selected and treated with closed negative pressure drainage technology. They were divided into physiological saline group (group A), gentamicin group (group B), and compound Huangbai liquid coating group (group C) based on different irrigation solutions, with 30 cases in each group. Compare the changes in various indicators of three groups of patients before treatment, 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days after treatment, including wound healing, serum amyloid A (SAA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and conduct bacterial culture and drug sensitivity tests on wound secretions. Results (1) Score of wound healing: On the 7th, 14th, and 21st days after treatment, the scores of wound healing in each group decreased compared to before treatment ( P <0.05). On the 14th day after treatment, the scores of group B and group C decreased more significantly compared to group A ( P <0.05); On the 21st day after treatment, the score of group C decreased significantly compared to group A and group B ( P <0.05). (2) Related inflammatory factors: 7 days after treatment, the levels of SAA, IL-6, and CRP in groups A, B, and C decreased compared to before treatment ( P <0.05), while the levels in groups B and C were lower than those in group A ( P <0.05); On the 14th day after treatment, the levels of SAA, IL-6, and CRP in groups B and C further decreased compared to the 7th day after treatment ( P <0.05), while the levels of SAA, IL -6, and CRP in group A showed no statistically significant difference compared to the 7th day after treatment ( P >0.05); On the 21st day after treatment, the levels of SAA, IL-6, and CRP in group C further decreased compared to the 14th day after treatment ( P <0.05), while the levels of SAA, IL-6, and CRP in group A and B showed no statistically significant difference compared to the 7th day after treatment ( P >0.05). (3) Bacteriology changes: 7 days after treatment, analyze the positive rates of bacterial culture in group A, B and C, which were lower than those before treatment ( P <0.05). The positive rates of bacteria in group B and C were lower than those in group A ( P <0.05); On the 14th day after treatment, the positive rates of bacterial culture in groups A, B, and C, which decreased compared to the 7th day after treatment ( P <0.05); On the 21st day after treatment, the positive rate in group C decreased more significantly compared to the 14th day after treatment ( P <0.05). The bacterial culture results showed that Gram negative bacteria were the main bacteria, and on the 14th and 21st day after treatment, the resistance rate of bacteria detected in group B to gentamicin was significantly higher than that in group A and C. Conclusion The combination of compound Huangbai liquid coating drip irrigation and closed negative pressure drainage can improve the local symptoms of pressure ulcer wounds, and is beneficial for the disease prognosis of patients. The effect is better than that of gentamicin and physiological saline negative pressure drip irrigation treatment.

  • 压疮的临床防治手段多样,包括清创换药、负压吸引、外用生长因子、氧疗、手术干预等方式,但未有明确证据表明哪种手段最有效[1-3]。其中负压封闭引流(vacuum sealingdrainage,VSD)治疗压力性溃疡有助于改善创面微循环,促进创面愈合,降低疼痛程度[4-6]。压疮经久不愈,创面常存在细菌感染,甚至多重耐药菌感染,VSD 不能替代传统清创以及抗菌药物的应用[7-8]。创面渗出的含高黏滞蛋白的挂壁引流物干燥结痂易堵塞 VSD 管道[9]。目前多采用生理盐水或者抗菌药物溶液进行灌洗,以防止管路堵塞,从而预防感染。但单纯生理盐水冲洗会增加局部感染的可能性,含抗生素的灌洗液冲洗,创面吸收量少,如操作不当,易引起过敏反应或出现局部耐药现象[10]。为更好发挥 VSD 的作用,选择合适的灌洗液尤为重要。

  • 中药用于压疮治疗具有良好的疗效和安全性[11-13]。将中药灌洗与 VSD 结合用于皮肤感染创面的治疗效果已得到证实[14-15]。复方黄柏液涂剂由黄柏、连翘、金银花、蒲公英、蜈蚣等组成,其具有清热解毒、消肿祛腐的功效,可发挥抗炎、杀菌、促进创面愈合的作用[16-17]。复方黄柏液作为滴灌液,在改善糖尿病足感染局部症状、促进创面愈合方面显示出良好的效果[18]。本研究旨在观察复方黄柏液涂剂负压滴灌对压疮创面的治疗效果及相关炎症因子的影响。

  • 1 资料与方法

  • 1.1 一般资料

  • 选取 2017 年 12 月—2022 年 12 月我院收治的 90 例压疮患者为研究对象,根据灌洗液不同,分为生理盐水组(A 组)、庆大霉素组(B 组)、复方黄柏液涂剂组(C 组),每组 30 例。纳入标准:1)年龄 35~65 岁;2)压疮Ⅱ、Ⅲ期,且病程 3 个月以内;3)患者及家属同意本研究与并签署知情同意书。排除标准:1)合并糖尿病及心、脑、肾等重要脏器功能障碍者;2)合并恶性肿瘤及其他自身免疫性疾病;3)精神疾病不配合治疗者;4)合并凝血功能障碍者;5) 对庆大霉素或复方黄柏液涂剂过敏者。本研究获医院伦理委员会批准。

  • 1.2 材料

  • 1)硫酸庆大霉素注射液:河南润弘制药股份有限公司,2 mL:8 万单位/支,国药准字: H41020318;2)复方黄柏液涂剂:山东汉方制药公司,150 mL/瓶,国药准字:Z10950097;3)一次性使用负压护创材料:重庆富沃思医疗器械有限公司,型号:FWS-WJ-006G,注册证号:渝械准注 20172640140。

  • 1.3 治疗方法

  • 对患者创面进行清创,病情许可后,用一次性使用负压护创材料覆盖创面,A、B、C 组分别使用生理盐水、庆大霉素+生理盐水(1:50)、复方黄柏液涂剂+生理盐水(1 :1 .5)进行灌注冲洗,每平方厘米创面滴灌液 1 mL,压力设置为-125 mmHg。负压与滴灌交替进行,每 6 h 循环一次,每 7 d 更换一次负压装置,原理示意图见图1。更换负压装置时取创面分泌物进行细菌培养检测,后期必要时对创面进行植皮或者行皮瓣手术修复创面。

  • 1.4 观察指标

  • 记录治疗前、治疗后 7 d、14 d、21 d 时三组患者创面愈合情况,检测血清淀粉样蛋白 A(SAA)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、C 反应蛋白(CRP)水平,并对创面分泌物行细菌培养和药敏试验。参照压疮愈合量表评价创面愈合情况[19]

  • 图1 负压封闭引流(VSD)联合洗液灌注治疗创面的示意图

  • 1.5 统计学方法

  • 采用 SPSS 22.0 软件进行数据统计分析,计量数据资料以均数依标准差(x-±s)表示,两组比较采用t检验,计数资料以例(%)表示,两组比较采用χ2检验,以P<0.05 为差异有统计学意义。

  • 2 结果

  • 2.1 一般资料

  • 三组患者年龄、性别、体质量指数、压疮分期、细菌培养阳性率、创面总面积、压疮部位等差异均无统计学意义( P>0.05),见表1。

  • 表1 三组患者治疗前基本资料比较

  • 注:* 为Fisher确切概率法所得P

  • 2.2 创面愈合情况

  • 治疗后 7 d、14 d、21 d,三组创面愈合情况评分均较治疗前缩小 ( P<0.05),治疗后 7 d、14 d,B 组、C 组评分下降较 A 组更明显 ( P<0.05);而治疗后 21 d,C 组评分下降较 A 组和 B 组明显( P<0.05),见表2。

  • 2.3 相关炎性指标的变化

  • 治疗后 7 d,A、B、C 三组的 SAA、IL-6、CRP 水平均较治疗前下降 ( P<0.05);治疗后 14 d,B、C 组的 SAA、IL-6、CRP 水平均较治疗后 7 d 进一步下降( P<0.05),而 A 组的 SAA、IL-6、CRP 水平与治疗后 7 d 相比较差异无统计学意义 ( P>0.05);治疗后 21 d,C 组的 SAA、IL-6、CRP 水平均较治疗后 14 d 进一步下降( P<0.05),而 A、B 组的 SAA、IL-6、CRP 水平与治疗后 7 d 相比较差异无统计学意义 ( P>0.05),见表3。

  • 2.4 治疗前后细菌学变化及耐庆大霉素细菌检出结果

  • 经封闭负压灌洗治疗后,细菌检出率较治疗前降低,且呈逐步下降趋势。治疗后 7 d,A、B、C 三组患者细菌培养阳性比例分别为 33.3%(10/30)、 23.3%(7/30)和 23.3%(7/30),均较治疗前有所下降 ( P<0.05),B、C 组较 A 组细菌阳性率更低( P<0.05); 治疗后 14 d,A、B、C 三组患者细菌培养阳性比例分别为 26.6%(8/30)、16.6%(5/30)和 16.6%(5/30),较治疗后 7 d 后均有下降( P<0.05);治疗后 21 d,A、 B、C 三组患者细菌培养阳性比例分别为 26.6%(8/30)、23.3%(7/30)和 10.0%(3/30),C 组阳性率较治疗后 14 d 下降更明显( P<0.05),细菌培养结果显示以革兰阴性菌为主,在治疗后 14 d、21 d 时,B 组检出细菌对庆大霉素的耐药率明显高于 A 组和 C 组(见表4)。

  • 表2 三组患者不同时间点创面愈合情况评分比较

  • 注:a 与本组治疗前比较, P<0.05;b 与A组同时点比较, P<0.05;c 与B 组同时点比较, P<0.05

  • 表3 三组患者相关炎性因子水平比较

  • 注:a 与同组治疗前比较,P<0.05,b 与A组治疗后14 d比较,P<0.05, c 与A、B组治疗后21 d比较,P<0.05

  • 3 讨论

  • 压疮经久不愈合,创面常存在细菌感染,甚至发生耐药菌感染[820]。VSD 联合冲洗对存在侵袭性或进展性微生物感染形成的复杂创面具有良好效果[21],但关于滴灌液的选择及中药滴灌液的研究较为少见[18]。本研究采用不同的灌洗液对压疮创面进行负压滴灌,结果显示,在治疗后 7 d、14 d、21 d,三组创面愈合情况评分均较治疗前降低,提示 VSD 联合不同灌洗液灌洗对压疮创面的治疗有效,其原理是通过负压吸引为创面提供湿性的愈合环境,刺激血管生成,改善血运,减轻水肿,而滴灌液可以辅助减轻细菌负荷,刺激肉芽组织生长,加速创面愈合[1822]。 Norman 等[5]采用 VSD 治疗慢性压疮,结果显示其能够明显抑制创面炎症反应,缩短愈合时间,治疗后 14 d,庆大霉素组、复方黄柏液涂剂组评分下降较生理盐水组更明显,可能与应用庆大霉素和复方黄柏液涂剂灌注冲洗相当于在创面局部发挥庆大霉素的杀菌作用和复方黄柏液涂剂的抑菌作用,破坏细菌生物膜屏障作用有关。Tahir 等[23]研究显示 VSD 联合庆大霉素可明显减少绿脓杆菌菌落数,治疗后 21 d,复方黄柏液涂剂组评分下降较庆大霉素组明显,可能与长时间应用庆大霉素引起耐药从而减弱疗效有关。杨静静等[24]研究发现,应用呋喃西林进行 VSD 后 10 d,细菌培养和药敏试验发现部分细菌产生了对呋喃西林的耐药性。而复方黄柏液涂剂属于中药制剂,不易产生耐药性。

  • 表4 各组细菌培养结果及庆大霉素耐药率情况

  • 注:a 为Fisher确切概率法所得P

  • SAA、CRP 和 IL-6 是监测细菌感染的敏感指标。本研究发现治疗后 7 d、14 d,生理盐水组、庆大霉素组、复方黄柏液涂剂组的血清 SAA、IL-6、CRP 水平均较治疗前下降,庆大霉素组、复方黄柏液涂剂组较生理盐水组水平更低,提示 VSD 联合细菌抑制剂冲洗对炎症的控制更具优势。治疗后 21 d,复方黄柏液涂剂组的 SAA、IL-6、CRP 水平均较治疗后 14 d 进一步下降,与创面愈合情况评分变化一致。同时,细菌学变化也发现经 VSD 治疗后,创面细菌检出率较治疗前均有降低且呈下降趋势。细菌培养结果显示以革兰阴性菌为主,且在治疗后 14 d、 21 d 时,庆大霉素组检出的细菌对庆大霉素的耐药率明显高于生理盐水组和复方黄柏液涂剂组。可能与部分细菌对庆大霉素产生耐药性有关,而复方黄柏液涂剂的应用可改善创面局部症状,优化创面微环境,进而促进愈合。

  • 目前,关于最佳滴灌液、最佳负压以及灌注时间尚无统一标准,本研究将 VSD 与中药塌渍相结合,复方黄柏液涂剂灌注可有效控制感染、促进愈合。不足之处在于缺乏患者远期随访的资料,远期疗效需要进一步探讨。综上,复方黄柏液作为滴灌液,可改善压疮患者创面的局部症状,对促进创面修复具有良好效果,值得临床推广应用。

  • 参考文献

    • [1] Shi JY,Gao Y,Tian JH,et al.Negative pressure wound therapy for treating pressure ulcers[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2023,5(5):CD011334.

    • [2] Kuffler DP.Improving the ability to eliminate wounds and pressure ulcers[J].Wound Repair Regen,2015,23(3):312-317.

    • [3] Ren YH,Chang P,Sheridan RL.Negative wound pressure therapy is safe and useful in pediatric burn patients [J].Int J Burns Trauma,2017,7(2):12-16.

    • [4] Meyer J,Roos E,Davies RJ,et al.Does prophylactic negative-pressure wound therapy prevent surgical site infection after laparotomy?a systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J].World J Surg,2023,47(6):1464-1474.

    • [5] Norman G,Shi CH,Goh EL,et al.Negative pressure wound therapy for surgical wounds healing by primary closure [J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2022,4(4):CD009261.

    • [6] Haidari S,IJpma FFA,Metsemakers WJ,et al.The role of negative-pressure wound therapy in patients with fracture-related infection:a systematic review and critical appraisal[J].Biomed Res Int,2021,2021:7742227.

    • [7] Ji SZ,Liu XB,Huang J,et al.Consensus on the application of negative pressure wound therapy of diabetic foot wounds[J].Burns Trauma,2021,9:tkab018.

    • [8] 刘灵灵,刘晓丽,章晨,等.171 例皮肤及软组织感染住院患者病原菌分布及用药情况[J].中华医院感染学杂志,2023,33(16):2488-2492.

    • [9] Zhou Q,Li SS,Wang Q,et al.Influence of cluster nursing intervention on inadequate drainage in vacuum sealing drainage for inpatients in burn unit[J].Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi,2019,35(2):148-152.

    • [10] Kreft B,Wohlrab J.Contact allergies to topical antibiotic applications[J].Allergol Select,2022,6:18-26.

    • [11] 黄娴,蓝可彰,潘海涛,等.自制清热活血膏治疗Ⅲ期压疮的临床观察[J].蛇志,2018,30(3):503-504.

    • [12] 陈年梅,鲜霞,仲晶晶.“三黄”剑创散治疗ⅡⅢ期压疮的疗效观察[J].实用临床护理学电子杂志,2017,2(49):47,59.

    • [13] Liu YL,Li YS,Du YQ,et al.Multicenter clinical trials analyzing efficacy and safety of topical cortex phellodendri compound fluid in treatment of diabetic foot ulcers [J].Med Sci Monit,2020,26:e923424.

    • [14] 郭远学,李国军,王振昊,等.负压引流技术联合康复新液冲洗在糖尿病足创面治疗中的临床应用[J].华西药学杂志,2021,36(4):489-490.

    • [15] Qu KS,Li Y,Liang Y,et al.KangFuXin liquid in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Evid Based Complement Alternat Med,2019,2019:3678714.

    • [16] 蒋晓蕾,朱立宏.复方黄柏液调节 AKT/eNOS 信号通路对皮肤破损大鼠血管生成和创口愈合的影响[J].中国皮肤性病学杂志,2022,36(12):1390-1397.

    • [17] 李友山,杨博华.复方黄柏液外治糖尿病足溃疡对炎性因子及生长因子的影响[J].中国新药杂志,2014,23(10):1163-1166.

    • [18] 闫程程,鞠上,曹欣,等.复方黄柏液负压滴灌治疗对糖尿病足感染创面及相关炎性因子的影响[J].中华糖尿病杂志,2018,10(7):460-464.

    • [19] Stotts NA,Rodeheaver GT,Thomas DR,et al.An instrument to measure healing in pressure ulcers:development and validation of the pressure ulcer scale for healing(PUSH)[J].J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci,2001,56(12):M795-M799.

    • [20] Davis SC,Ricotti C,Cazzaniga A,et al.Microscopic and physiologic evidence for biofilm-associated wound colonization in vivo[J].Wound Repair Regen,2008,16(1):23-29.

    • [21] 颜小玲,李伟人.负压封闭引流联合冲洗参数的研究进展[J].中华整形外科杂志,2019,35(8):828-832.

    • [22] 陈仕星,邓晶莹,苏达康,等.脂肪来源干细胞治疗慢性创面的疗效及对患者 MMP-2、MMP-9 表达水平的影响 [J].海南医学,2021,32(19):2472-2475.

    • [23] Tahir S,Malone M,Hu HH,et al.The effect of negative pressure wound therapy with and without instillation on mature biofilms in vitro[J].Materials(Basel),2018,11(5):811.

    • [24] 杨静静,王震,荣新洲.两种不同冲洗液冲洗对封闭负压引流技术治疗慢性创面的临床对比[J].广州医药,2018,49(1):83-85.

图1 负压封闭引流(VSD)联合洗液灌注治疗创面的示意图

表1 三组患者治疗前基本资料比较

表2 三组患者不同时间点创面愈合情况评分比较

表3 三组患者相关炎性因子水平比较

表4 各组细菌培养结果及庆大霉素耐药率情况

图表 1/1

  • 参考文献

    • [1] Shi JY,Gao Y,Tian JH,et al.Negative pressure wound therapy for treating pressure ulcers[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2023,5(5):CD011334.

    • [2] Kuffler DP.Improving the ability to eliminate wounds and pressure ulcers[J].Wound Repair Regen,2015,23(3):312-317.

    • [3] Ren YH,Chang P,Sheridan RL.Negative wound pressure therapy is safe and useful in pediatric burn patients [J].Int J Burns Trauma,2017,7(2):12-16.

    • [4] Meyer J,Roos E,Davies RJ,et al.Does prophylactic negative-pressure wound therapy prevent surgical site infection after laparotomy?a systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J].World J Surg,2023,47(6):1464-1474.

    • [5] Norman G,Shi CH,Goh EL,et al.Negative pressure wound therapy for surgical wounds healing by primary closure [J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2022,4(4):CD009261.

    • [6] Haidari S,IJpma FFA,Metsemakers WJ,et al.The role of negative-pressure wound therapy in patients with fracture-related infection:a systematic review and critical appraisal[J].Biomed Res Int,2021,2021:7742227.

    • [7] Ji SZ,Liu XB,Huang J,et al.Consensus on the application of negative pressure wound therapy of diabetic foot wounds[J].Burns Trauma,2021,9:tkab018.

    • [8] 刘灵灵,刘晓丽,章晨,等.171 例皮肤及软组织感染住院患者病原菌分布及用药情况[J].中华医院感染学杂志,2023,33(16):2488-2492.

    • [9] Zhou Q,Li SS,Wang Q,et al.Influence of cluster nursing intervention on inadequate drainage in vacuum sealing drainage for inpatients in burn unit[J].Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi,2019,35(2):148-152.

    • [10] Kreft B,Wohlrab J.Contact allergies to topical antibiotic applications[J].Allergol Select,2022,6:18-26.

    • [11] 黄娴,蓝可彰,潘海涛,等.自制清热活血膏治疗Ⅲ期压疮的临床观察[J].蛇志,2018,30(3):503-504.

    • [12] 陈年梅,鲜霞,仲晶晶.“三黄”剑创散治疗ⅡⅢ期压疮的疗效观察[J].实用临床护理学电子杂志,2017,2(49):47,59.

    • [13] Liu YL,Li YS,Du YQ,et al.Multicenter clinical trials analyzing efficacy and safety of topical cortex phellodendri compound fluid in treatment of diabetic foot ulcers [J].Med Sci Monit,2020,26:e923424.

    • [14] 郭远学,李国军,王振昊,等.负压引流技术联合康复新液冲洗在糖尿病足创面治疗中的临床应用[J].华西药学杂志,2021,36(4):489-490.

    • [15] Qu KS,Li Y,Liang Y,et al.KangFuXin liquid in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Evid Based Complement Alternat Med,2019,2019:3678714.

    • [16] 蒋晓蕾,朱立宏.复方黄柏液调节 AKT/eNOS 信号通路对皮肤破损大鼠血管生成和创口愈合的影响[J].中国皮肤性病学杂志,2022,36(12):1390-1397.

    • [17] 李友山,杨博华.复方黄柏液外治糖尿病足溃疡对炎性因子及生长因子的影响[J].中国新药杂志,2014,23(10):1163-1166.

    • [18] 闫程程,鞠上,曹欣,等.复方黄柏液负压滴灌治疗对糖尿病足感染创面及相关炎性因子的影响[J].中华糖尿病杂志,2018,10(7):460-464.

    • [19] Stotts NA,Rodeheaver GT,Thomas DR,et al.An instrument to measure healing in pressure ulcers:development and validation of the pressure ulcer scale for healing(PUSH)[J].J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci,2001,56(12):M795-M799.

    • [20] Davis SC,Ricotti C,Cazzaniga A,et al.Microscopic and physiologic evidence for biofilm-associated wound colonization in vivo[J].Wound Repair Regen,2008,16(1):23-29.

    • [21] 颜小玲,李伟人.负压封闭引流联合冲洗参数的研究进展[J].中华整形外科杂志,2019,35(8):828-832.

    • [22] 陈仕星,邓晶莹,苏达康,等.脂肪来源干细胞治疗慢性创面的疗效及对患者 MMP-2、MMP-9 表达水平的影响 [J].海南医学,2021,32(19):2472-2475.

    • [23] Tahir S,Malone M,Hu HH,et al.The effect of negative pressure wound therapy with and without instillation on mature biofilms in vitro[J].Materials(Basel),2018,11(5):811.

    • [24] 杨静静,王震,荣新洲.两种不同冲洗液冲洗对封闭负压引流技术治疗慢性创面的临床对比[J].广州医药,2018,49(1):83-85.

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